The Rise of the Bric Economies Essays

The Rise of the Bric Economies Essays The Rise of the Bric Economies Paper The Rise of the Bric Economies Paper Question 1: BRIC economies – a critical overview Part 1: New emerging markets and BRIC. Over the last decade there have been significant changes to the world economy and the way once traditional Multinational corporations do business. This has been primarily due to the rise of new markets, particularly the BRIC economies. â€Å"The greatest effect of globalization is the shifting of the worlds wealth centers. Former developing countries are rapidly becoming richer through their use of natural resources, labour forces, and industrialization. An essay published by Goldman Sachs identified the core leaders in this category as Brazil, Russia, India, and China, and subsequently coined the term BRICs. Europe soon realized the vital necessity of building bridges with these emerging economic powers. Portugal saw an opportunity to utilize its historic and cultural ties with Brazil to bolster a strategic partnership with the EU. † (Building Bridges to the BRICs, Africa on the Agenda. Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2008, Vol. 87, Issue 2). New emerging markets like Thailand, the Czech Republic, and Poland along with many others are now a source for potentially attractive investments. CEO, Cordiant Capital Inc. , David. G. Creighton said â€Å"While we have seen many countries develop fairly quickly over the last fifteen years, including the Czech Republic, Poland, Thailand and Mexico, there are a number of others that, for a variety of reasons, are lagging behind. We continue to find attractive opportunities in Russia and Latin America and are now beginning to engage with the next wave of countries in such places as El Salvador, Bulgaria and Kazakhstan. It’s all about finding the right risk/return profile. † (The New Emerging Markets by Benefits Canada, 2007; benefitscanada. com/pdfs/Reports_TheNewEmergingMarkets. pdf;) New emerging markets, especially the BRIC economies, have been on the rise in terms of industrialization and Gross domestic product growth particularly in the service sectors. To further observe the rise of new emerging markets, specifically BRIC economies the table below shows the top 20 economies for the years 1995, 2001, 2003 and 2006: Table : Top 20 Economies Position1995200120032006 USAUSAUSAUSA 2JapanJapanJapanJapan 3GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany 4FranceFranceUKChina 5ItalyUKFranceChina 6UKItalyChinaUK 7BrazilChinaItalyFrance 8CanadaBrazilCanadaItaly 9ChinaCanadaMexicoCanada 10SpainSpainSpainSpain 11MexicoIndiaIndiaBrazil 12RussiaMexicoBrazilRussian Fed 13South KoreaKorea, RepSouth KoreaIndia 14AustraliaNetherlandsNetherlandsKorea Rep. 15NetherlandsAustraliaAustraliaMexico 16IndiaRussian Fed. Russia Australia 17ArgentinaArgentinaSwitzerlandNetherlands 18SwitzerlandSwitzerlandBelgiumTurkey 19BelgiumBelgiumSwedenBelgium 20AustriaSwedenAustriaSweden Based on World Bank development reports, these rankings show the emergence of new markets as well as the growth and development of BRIC economies. In the report titled â€Å"Dreaming with BRIC’s : The path to 2050† (Goldman Sacs, 2003), the assumption is made that in a period of less than 40 years the BRIC economies could be larger than the combined G6 nations in terms of US dollars. Furthermore, the report states that the BRIC countries alone are worth about 15 % of the G6 nations. This alone would indicate the expected levels of growth from emerging markets, specifically Brazil, Russia, India and China. To further understand the emergence of these markets, we must look at the various social and economic factors that transformed these once developing economies to emerging markets with a strong global presence. Prahlad and Lieberthal (The end of corporate imperialism, 1998) postulate that the emerging middle class as an market force has actually led to significant growth in the BRIC countries. A â€Å"product hungry† consumer and a growing purchasing power has transformed once developing countries to emerging global markets. They further go on to say that consumers are rapidly changing their tastes and choices of products. To quote â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Indian consumers tried on an average 6. 2 brands of the same packaged good product in one year, compared with 2. 0 of Americans consumers. † Among all the emerging markets, China has always has a strong manufacturing presence globally and is poised to overtake German manufacturing capabilities by the year in the not-so-distant future. Natural resources and labour have naturally been a source of FDI for emerging markets, since China and India alone account for about 33% of the world population. Russia and Brazil, with its natural resources have turned their once developing economies into strong emerging markets. The emergence of these markets as global players have been accounted to factors like increased levels of privatisation due to disinvestments by PSU’s, Technology up gradations, increased levels of skilled labour and liberalization of trade restrictions. In India, for example, had a BPO industry worth about $5. 7 billion in 2005 and showed growth rates of about 44%. (The Evolution of BPO in India, Pricewatehousecoopers, 2005). The emerging market as secure capital investment is a different story altogether. The risks of emerging markets and BRIC countries are quite prominent in the face of investments from more stable, advanced countries. The volatile nature of these markets in terms of economic viability has actually held back a lot of potential FDI over the years. Political instability, weak infrastructural capabilities and currency appreciation for export led economies have been just a few of the challenges faced by these emerging markets. GDP growth in agri – dependent economies fluctuates depending on seasonal factors and as most of the emerging markets are, in fact, still largely dependent upon agriculture; a measure of economic growth would too be dependent on agriculture as a primary source of capital. These are just a few of the risk factors in these emerging markets that account for very cautious investments by MNC’c. Part 2: Challenging Global Expansion Strategy With the trends of growth of new emerging markets, particularly BRIC economies, approaches to strategy of global expansion and marketing by traditional MNC’s have seen major overhauls. In terms to Global Expansion Strategy, a look at the EPRG framework for global marketing would give better insight as to how these markets led to the evolution of global strategy. a)Ethnocentric orientation: Ethnocentric orientation refers to an attitude towards export that the product requires little or no modification for export to foreign markets. The key characteristic with these products is that it looks to its home market as the major point of reference. So how has strategy changed regarding the marketing of these ethnocentric products? With the increasing trend of globalization, there is no room for a purely ethnocentric viewpoint towards exportable products. The assumption that the domestic techniques and staff are superior to the target market is imperialistic and redundant in the complex market of today. This ethnocentric outlook, where overseas operations are regarded are secondary to the home market and where personnel are trained in context to the data gathered in the home market is a good example of â€Å"corporate imperialism† Prahalad Lieberthal (1998), state that the mere cultural sensitivity is not enough. They go on to say that MNC’s need to drop many assumptions regarding the nature of the consumer and the market. The assumption, for instance, that the middle class consumer in these emerging markets are at the same level as those in developed markets is not just imperialistic, but may lead to critical errors in the formulation of strategy. A good example of this ethnocentric outlook leading to a loss of marketability would be Revlon when it introduced its products to China in 1976 and India in 1994. Revlon’s assumptions regarding purchasing power and the target customer led to its status as a high-end product and loss of potential sales. ) Polycentric Orientation : The next stage in the evolution of a global strategy would be a more polycentric approach towards overseas markets. In view of a changing market scenario, MNC’s could no longer afford to have an ethnocentric orientation towards global strategy, so naturally the focus shifted from home to host country. A polycentric orientation is one where subsidiaries of the mother company are established in the target markets where objectives and plans are established by these subsidiaries. Research and strategies are formulated by these subsidiaries for their specific markets. New emerging markets led to companies drastically changing this strategy of subsidiaries because of the need for quick decisions without the constant approval of the head office, to facilitate the need for sharing of knowledge and most importantly to cope with the fierce competition spearheaded in most part, by China. Williamson, (2005), talks about increasing innovative competition in Asia and attributes these changes to 4 major shifts in the competitive environment viz. he demise of asset speculation, the scattering of the â€Å"flying geese† development, the breakdown of national economic â€Å"baronies† and the decay of â€Å"me – too† strategies. ( Journal of Business Strategy; 2005, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p37-43, 7p) This basically meant that by 1997 strategies based on asset accumulation as a driving force of company worth, or those based on position of low – e nd or high end manufacturing were no longer applicable. A polycentric orientation, therefore, would not allow appropriate speed of operation and decision making in these markets. )Regiocentric and Geocentric orientation : With the breakdown of national economic barriers and the decay of me – too strategies, referring to hanger –ons of strategic success, regiocentric and geocentric orientation towards the formulation of global strategy started to form the most logical and profitable outlook. A regiocentric orientation is where the region is viewed as one market and a geocentric orientation is where the world is regarded as a single market. In order to develop an effective strategy, a series of questions that a firm needs to address have been created. Strategies that fit emerging markets, Khanna, Palepu, Sinha, 2005). Key questions are based on: Political and social systems Openness Product Market Labour market Capital Market For example, companies found that the labour market in India had a highly liquid pool of English speaking management whereas in China the market for managers was small and static, Brazil had managers with varying degrees of proficiency of the English language and the same was in Russia. 2. 1) Why the need for strategic change? You are only going to have two kinds of companies in the future: those companies that go global, and those companies that go bankrupt. † (AT President John Zeglis quoted in Garten. J, 2004, Introduction, World View: Global strategies for the new economy). In today’s economic trends of emerging markets and increasingly profitable global business, strategies that were once acceptable are no longer applicable primarily because of the vast differences in the markets now available to the global company. Some of the reasons we have already discussed are: )Ethnic and cultural differences. b)Economic structure. c)Organizational structure. d)Increasing competition. e)Globalization. A good example o f a strategy that works in advanced economies and does not have the same viability in emerging economies are the â€Å"mantras† of core competencies and focussed strategies. (Palepu, Khanna, 1997 : Why Focussed strategies may be wrong for emerging markets). Here, the authors talk about how a focussed strategy may work in a developed economy but may not have the same effect in an emerging one. They speculate that the infrastructural incapability in these economies just would not allow this kind of a strategy to function. They argue that â€Å" †¦highly diversified business groups can be particularly well suited to the institutional context in most developing countries. † Therefore it is quite evident that with the rise of BRIC economies and other emerging markets, a change in strategic trends is essential for the MNC to prosper in the changing global economy. Part 3 – Focus on BRIC: Mittal Steel /Arcelor Mittal If there ever was a success story that placed drew attention to the BRIC economies, Arcelor Mittal would be among the top of them. Mittal steel was formed in 2004 when ISPAT international acquired LNM holdings N. V. – both already controlled by now CEO of Arcelor Mittal Lakhsmi Mittal. By 2005, Mittal steel was ranked among the Global fortune 500 companies and after its merger with Arcelor steel in January 2006, it became the first 100 million tonne plus steel producer. Mittal steel was ranked 99 in the Fortune 500 companies in 2007. (rankings on www. oney. cnn. com and company information from www. mittalsteel. com) Mittal steel has an industrial presence all over the globe – Asia, America, Europe and Africa. A Timeline of Mittal Steel 2005: Acquisition of a stake in Hunan Valin ; ISG Acquisition completed ; Mittal Steel Europe created ; Mittal Steel makes Fortune 500 list of top companies; MDA with Liberian government ; Acquisition of Kryvorizhstal ; MoU with State of Jharkhand, India ; Acquisition of Stelco subsidiaries ; Stake lifted in Mittal Steel Zenica 2004: Acquisition of Polski Huty Stali ; Acquisition of BH Steel ; Acquisition of Macedonian facilities from Balkan Steel ; Creation of Mittal Steel and proposed acquisition of International Steel ; 2003Acquisition of Nova Hut 2002 Business assistance agreement signed with Iscor 2001Acquisition of ALFASID ; Acquisition of Sidex 1999Acquisition of Unimetal 1998Acquisition of Inland Steel Company 1997Ispat International NV goes public 1995Acquisition of Hamburger Stahlwerke ; Ispat International Ltd. and Ispat Shipping formed ; Acquisition of Karmet 1994Acquisition of Sidbec-Dosco 992Acquisition of Sibalsa 1989Acquisition of Iron Steel Company of Trinidad Tobago 3. 1) The Strategy From observing the activities of this MNC on the above timeline, it is quite clear that the major Global expansion strategy for Mittal steel has been one of acquisitions. To understand this acquisition – based strategy better, it is imperative to analyse the pre – acquisition negotiation and post â €“ acquisition activities of the acquiring company. It could be safely said that no acquisition process is completely the same compared to another but there are some commonalities. For Mittal Steel, the strategic management of their mergers and acquisitions in the pre and post acquisition stages have led to their phenomenal success on the global scale. So what could be called their process of acquisition? And what would be the strategic advantages of this so called â€Å"acquisition spree† which has taken place over the last 8 years. An example of the activities Mittal Steel would usually follow can be seen by a look at the acquisition of Mexicana Ispat in 1991 . In the pre – acquisition stage, a team of experts were divided into sub –units and sent out to analyse the plant and its operations. Reports of the plants performance in areas of finance, marketing, management etc were analysed and based on the reports of these experts, bids were made by ISPAT. In the post acquisition stage had the following characteristics a)Stopping losses and cutting costs b)Minimal lay –offs c)Implementation of quality control and improvisation programs i)Daily meetings and reports ii)ISO methods iii)Stretch goals iv)Knowledge integration programme It is evident that Mittal Steel, even in that point of time, had a larger strategic plan which integrated this acquisition â€Å"spree†. Cohan and Rangan ( 2006 ) speculate that this strategy is the best for the avoidance of head – to – head competition with incumbent firms. If firms can operate in markets that the already established competition ignores, significant scale of operations can be achieved with minimal competitive retaliation. Once the competitions attention is attracted, the newer firm will be in a position to defend its stance. (Seven Strategy lessons from top entrepreneurs). This strategy has paid off for Mittal steel and has been demonstrated in the Arcelor takeover bid struggle. To answer the question of why it has succeeded where other firms have not, is a combination of both its acquisition process and its innovative market entry strategy. Mittal steel has clearly shown the Global market that emerging markets do have the industrial prowess to finance a takeover in even the most advanced of economies. To conclude, the age of â€Å"corporate imperialism† is now behind us – innovative strategy for a global market being slowly dominated by emerging markets, especially the BRIC economies, must be taken very seriously if a firm is to survive. word count 2683) Sources: EBSCO Google scholar References: Cohan . P , Rangan U. S. (2006), Follow the Legend :Seven Strategy lessons from top entrepreneurs Business strategy review London Business School, winter 2006 Available at ; blackwell- synergy. com/action/showPdf? submitPDF=Full+Text+PDF+%28288+KB%29=10. 1111%2Fj. 0955-6419. 2006. 00436. x=1; Khanna. T. , Palepu . K. G. , Sinha. J. (2005) Strategies t hat Fit emerging Markets Harvard Business Review Harvard University Press, USA Khanna. T. , Palepu. K. 1997), Why Focussed Strategies May Be Wrong For Emerging Markets. World View : Global Strategies for the new economy Harvard University Press (2000) Piramal. G, Ghoshal . S 2005 The Extraordinary story of Mittal Steel Rediff news, March 17th 2005, Viewed 21st April, 2008 Available from rediff. com/money/2005/mar/17mittal. htm Prahalad C. K. , Lieberthal K (1998) The End of Corporate Imperialism World View: Global Strategies for the New Economy Harvard University Press, USA (2000) Williamson Peter. J. (2005) , Asia’s New Competitive Game Journal of Business Strategy; Vol. 26 Issue 2, p37-43, 7p Harvard University Press, 2005 Wilson. D. , Purushothaman (2003) Dreaming With the BRIC Global Economics paper :99 Goldman Sachs Inc. , 2003, viewed 19/04/2008 ; http://www2. goldmansachs. com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming. pdf; Wind . Y. , Douglas . S. P. , Perlmutter, H. V. (1973) Guidelines for Developing International Marketing Strategies Journal of Marketing, Vol 37, No. 2, pp 14 -23 American Marketing Association, viewed 20/04/2008 ; jstor. org/stable/view/1250046? seq=1;

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Article Critique - Essay Example Similarly, signs like nervousness and agony lower life quality. The study mainly targets women from stage zero to stage three of breast cancer. Related literature evidence demonstrates that psychoeducational help and combinatory therapies for women living with breast cancer condition, such as self- management skills development to handle the condition better, are not well provided globally. Therefore, one crucial strategy to aid women living with breast cancer is through mindfulness cultivation. Mindfulness, which includes creating attention and creating awareness every time in a nonjudgmental manner) is an effective way, (Hoffman, Ersser, Hopkinson, Nicholls, Harrington & Thomas, 2012). Similarly, studies shows that mindfulness-based program of reducing stress benefits have been investigated in pro-longed health conditions such as severe pain, nervousness, prolonged stress and psychological signs as well as in mood patients with overall cancer conditions and insomnia. Although the m ethodological approach targeted all researches either because of challenges like small size of the sample, no randomization or analysis for treatment intention or treatment hindered by poor reporting was reported. Body analysis The article hypothesis is that mindfulness-based strategy of reducing stress is more effective than other hospital therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery and other hospital interventions. ... Study sample of the research was obtained by recruiting patients for more than fifteen months from the Haven. Eligibility assessment was done through inclusion criteria for instance, patients diagnosed with stage zero to stage three of breast cancer, between the age of 18 years and 80 years who knew of their diagnosis of cancer. The study was done on women who were capable of completing the questionnaires and in the second year of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiography completion. The study excluded women diagnosed with breast cancer stage four, men, patients who could not speak or understand English, could not sign informed consent because of psychosis, mental problem, addicted to drugs, misused substances, and had thoughts of committing suicide. After patients signed informed consent, some were subjected to mindfulness-based programs of reducing stress and others received wait-listed control. Randomized assignment was conducted in 229 women by the organizational operations director through an externally randomization program generated through the computer in groups of four to ensure concealment of allocation as no physician could direct respondents allocation. The researcher doing the research and introducing the mindfulness-based program of stress reduction could not be restricted to participant’s either allocation to control or treatment sample. Questionnaires and patient interviews , as well as mood states profiles, breast cancer therapy functional assessment, cancer therapy symptoms of endocrine functional assessment and WHO five item questionnaire of well-being assessing mood, life quality at zero, eight and twelve weeks were used. These equipment’s produced varied results that were later analyzed and generalized to fit the sample size. The

Teaching and Learning Algebra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching and Learning Algebra - Essay Example According to the report findings if an instructor uses a version of some of these examples, students may be denied a useful frame of reference from the very start of their algebra studies. The last example does relate algebra to arithmetic, a subject which most students will have studied, may know reasonably well and may actually use in their daily lives. But even though algebra and arithmetic both involve signs, equations, numbers and computation, approaching algebra with an arithmetic mindset can cause students major problems. As the paper declares when introduced to algebra, students must reorient their thinking and recognize that â€Å"the expressions on both sides of the equals sign are of the same nature (or structure), and that there are actions which give meaning to the equality of the expressions (for instance, the action of substituting a numerical value for the unknown)†. The process to handle the minus sign before parentheses results in simplifying the expression. Thus, in the above example, 5x – (3 – x) becomes 6x – 3, a more concise and clearer way of restating the original expression without changing its value. In algebra, there is another rule for simplifying expressions, known as combining like terms, which is the third major issue confounding algebra students. Unlike the issues of the equals sign and the minus sign, solving the issue of combining like terms is a matter of following concrete rules rather than grasping concepts.

Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Essay Example for Free

Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Essay Physical assessments including fluid balance, skin and weight Life style changes including weight and stress management Mr. Debourg is 62 year old male. In 2013, during routine physical with his physician, he was referred to a cardiologist for further evaluation. Patient was diagnosed with high blood pressure and started on Lisinopril 10mg daily. Due to stress from work, he started having palpitation and shortness of breath. On 4/13/2014, patient started feeling hot and dizzy. When his wife  noticed patient’s face was turning pale, she took his blood pressure. Patient states he’s blood pressure at that time was around 200/100, heart rate above 150. Mr. DeBourg drove himself to the hospital where he was admitted for further evaluation and tests. Angiogram showed 2 blocked arteries and he received Cardiac stent placement. Patient is now on 4 blood pressure medications and sees cardiologist every 3 months for stress test. Patient’s blood pressure is not well controlled due to lack of physical exercise, poor diet, smoking and stress. By the evidence is current diagnosis and history obtained by the patient, Mr. DeBourg is at risk for decreased cardiac output and at risk for having myocardial ischemia if his blood pressure is not controlled by life style changes. According to Elsevier health, cardiac patients require blood pressure monitoring daily, assessment of peripheral pulses, cold clammy skin, fluid retention levels and weight (Gulanick,n.d). Nursing goals and proprieties for this patient is to maintain cardiac function by monitoring t to prevent further complications and support patient with life style changes. Mr. DeBourg will need education on the importance of exercise to improve circulation, and healthy diet plans to control his weight. Patient understands smoking and stress is contributing to his health condition but continue to smoke. Patient will need support from his spouse and children to quit smoking and engage in activities like hobby or relaxation methods. I will provide information on smoking cessation support group called The Freedom from Smoking in Las Vegas, and counseling information at perfect image for life with the nutritionist to go over his diet plans and exercise program.

Civil War Sectionalism :: essays research papers

North and South The United States of America, the great democratic experiment, was just that. Not since the great Greek culture had a government of, for, and by the people existed. The entire world felt, that on a large scale, democracy would inevitably lead to anarchy; our founding fathers were determined to prove them wrong. But as the political stand off with the British became a secession issue, a great issue split the future nation. Slavery, a southern necessity, both social and economic, threatened the unity of our nation. A nation that would one day be the greatest the world had ever known. During the development of the thirteen colonies, diversity set in early. In the south the temperate climate made the growth of tobacco a suitable and very profitable business. Cultivation of this crop required a lot of land, and therefore settlers lived far apart. Northern Colonies, though, were much more dependent on small farms, with closely knit communities. These differences were the se ed of a sectional division that would plague the nation for a century. During the late seventeenth century, this fissure in the ideals of the colonies became apparent. Following the constant political irreverence from Britain, a majority of colonial representatives felt the need for independence. The Declaration of Independence was the document written to do this. It called for an abolition of slavery as well as freedom from British rule. Unfortunately, the South would hear nothing of it. Being strong defenders of states rights, most of the Southern states adhered to their believe in a government less like a supreme authority and more like a dominion of independent states. They would rather stay loyal to their oppressive government than participate in one that shunned their way of life. In order to keep their dreams of independence, they North was forced to make the one cession they did not wish to make. In order to keep a unified nation, the slavery issue was deliberately absent fr om the Declaration. Some of the Northern delegates were outraged, but none more than John Adams. A renowned proponent of equal rights, he was one of few that saw the irony in establishing a free society without freeing those in bondage. John Adams seems now more like Nostrodamus when he voiced his concern about the slavery issue for future generations. He did not know it, but the couldn’t have been more right.

Absolute Appraisal Method Essay

The Absolute Standards Approach is an appraisal method used to assess the performance of employees by presenting a detailed description of the employees’ actual behavior in comparison to a certain set of standards. In this type of appraisal format, the appraisers compare the employees to a certain set of standards, which may come in the form of checklists, rating scales, etc, rather than to other employees within the organization. The Absolute Standard Appraisal method has 4 techniques: Checklists, Essays, Critical Incidents, and Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales. Checklist is the most common technique used by companies. It is a rating containing statements describing both effective and ineffective job behaviors. Behavioral checklists are well suited to employee development because they focus on behaviors and results, and use absolute instead of comparative standards. An advantage of using checklists is that evaluators are asked to describe rather than evaluate a subordinate’s behavior. The supervisor weighs the high and low points on his list and comes up with an overall rating for employee performance. On the other hand, a disadvantage of using checklists is the money and time it can consume for the construction of its instruments. The essay method is a written narrative assessment for employee performance. The employers indicate the subordinate’s strengths, weaknesses, potentials and areas of improvement in the workplace. A disadvantage of essay appraisals is that they can be very time-consuming, and to a large extent, unstructured. It may also come as discriminatory and susceptible to evaluator bias, which may misrepresent the real picture of the employee or the performance. Critical Incidents are specific behaviors essential to doing a job successfully. Behavioral traits that employees exhibit in the workplace – both effective and ineffective, are documented in writing. Employers then analyze these incidents from which a checklist is developed, indicating employee’s critical incidents that either needs praise for successful performance or training for further improvement. Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) are rating scales, which define scale points with specific behavior statements that describes the varying degrees of performance. The scales represent a set of descriptive statements, ranging from the least to the most effective. It combines the elements from critical incident and graphic rating scale approaches. The evaluator must then indicate which behavior on each scale best describes the employee’s performance.

Franz Kafka s Life And Work - 1738 Words

Author Franz Kafka was born on the third of July, 1883, as the oldest child of Hermann Kafka and his wife Julie in Prague. His family from the fathers side was from Sà ¼dbà ¶hmen und moved later on to Prague. His mother was originally from a wealthy and popular german-jewish family. His father grew up in a part of the tschechisch-jewish part in Milieu, but the family was more orientated at the german speaking culture in Prague, like everyone else in this time at this place. Kafka had three younger sisters, Valli (1890), Ottla (1892), and Elli (1899). All children were send to german schools and were able to speak better the german language then the tschechis. Franz Kafka visited from begin of 1893 the high school in â€Å"Altstà ¤dter-Ring† and became his highshool diploma there. He studied law and right at the university of Prague and was also taking classes of germanistik and art history. In 1906 he became his University diploma with an promotion to an Ph.D. in right. Starting a t around 1907 he began to write and in 1910 his first short story â€Å"contemplation†. He was visiting the theater multiple times where he made friends with Marx Brod, Felix Weltsch, and Oskar Baum. The year 1912 counts towards the most productive years of Kafkas life. Franz Kafka was not able to get in a long term relationship with woman. All of his affairs had an ending. Kafka created his first big pieces of work in the fall of 1912: The short story â€Å"the Judgement†, The roman â€Å"the missing person†, and theShow MoreRelatedGregor Samsa Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka writes Gregor Samsa in his novel The Metamorphosis to portray specific details of his childhood life. In the early 1900’s the Great Depression occurred which changed the romantic time period into the modernism that focused on grotesque imagery. The Great Depression caused people to appreciate their beautiful world, before it turned into the dark and gloomy atmosphere it was for ten years. 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